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The regime of intense desert dust (DD) episodes over the broaderMediterranean Basin is studied for the period 2000–2007 at a completespatial coverage. An objective and dynamic algorithm has been set up whichuses daily measurements of various aerosol optical properties taken bydifferent satellite databases, enabling the identification of DD episodesand their classification into strong and extreme ones. The algorithm'sperformance was tested against surface-based (in situ) particulate matter(PM) and (columnar) sun-photometric AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) measurements from stationsdistributed across the Mediterranean. The comparisons have shown thereasonable ability of the algorithm to detect the DD episodes taking placewithin the study region. The largest disagreements with PM data were foundin the western Mediterranean in summer, when African dust transport has a greatvertical extent that cannot be satisfactorily captured by surfacemeasurements.  According to our results, DD episodes in the Mediterranean Basin are quitefrequent (up to 11.4 episodes yr<sup>−1</sup>), while there is a significant spatial andtemporal variability in their frequency of occurrence and their intensity.Strong episodes occur more frequently in the western Mediterranean Basin,whilst extreme ones appear more frequently over central Mediterranean Seaareas. Apart from this longitudinal variation, there is a predominantlatitudinal variability in both frequency and intensity, with decreasingvalues from south to north. A significant seasonal variation was also foundfor the frequency of DD episodes, with both strong and extreme episodesbeing more frequent during summer in the western Mediterranean Basin, butduring spring in its central and eastern parts. In most cases (> 85%)the Mediterranean dust episodes last a bit longer than a day onaverage, although their duration can reach six~days for strong episodes and four~daysfor extreme episodes. A noticeable year-to-year variability was alsofound, especially for the frequency of the episodes

The regime of intense desert dust episodes in the Mediterranean based on contemporary satellite observations and ground measurements