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Persistent organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, reach theSouthern Ocean atmosphere through long-range atmospheric transport. In thisstudy we report the largest dataset available for the atmosphericoccurrence of PCBs in the Southern Ocean surrounding the Antarctic Peninsulafrom samples obtained during three cruises in 2005, 2008 and 2009. The gasphase concentrations of total PCBs (Σ25PCBs) ranged from 1 to70 pg m−3, while the aerosol phase concentrations were significantlylower (0.04 to 0.4 pg m−3). The aerosol phase is enriched in the morehydrophobic congeners consistent with the model predictions of gas-particlepartitioning. There is a net air-to-water diffusive flux of PCBs to theSouthern Ocean, up to 100 times higher than the dry deposition flux ofaerosol-bound PCBs. The air-water disequilibrium is higher for the morehydrophobic congeners consistent with the role of the biological pumpremoving PCBs from the water column by settling of PCBs bound to organicmatter. The atmospheric half-lives of PCB 52 and 180 are of 3.8 and 1 days,respectively, as calculated from the measured atmospheric concentration anddepositional fluxes. The volatilization of PCBs from Antarctic soils duringthe austral summer drives higher gas phase concentrations in the atmosphereover Antarctica during the warmer periods. This temperature dependence isnot observed for PCBs over the adjacent Southern Ocean, probably due to theimportance of long-range atmospheric transport and atmospheric depositionmodulating the atmospheric occurrence of PCBs

Factors affecting the atmospheric occurrence and deposition of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Southern Ocean