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One of the major sources of uncertainty in model  estimates of the global sea-salt aerosol distribution is the  emission parameterization.  We evaluate a new sea-salt aerosol life cycle  module coupled to the online multiscale chemical transport model  NMMB/BSC-CTM.  We compare 5 yr global simulations  using five  state-of-the-art sea-salt open-ocean emission schemes with  monthly averaged coarse aerosol optical depth (AOD) from selected AERONET  sun photometers, surface concentration measurements from the  University of Miami's Ocean Aerosol Network, and measurements from  two NOAA/PMEL cruises (AEROINDOEX and ACE1). Model results are  highly sensitive to the introduction of sea-surface-temperature (SST)-dependent emissions  and to the accounting of spume particles production.  Emission  ranges from 3888 Tg yr<sup>−1</sup> to 8114 Tg yr<sup>−1</sup>,  lifetime varies between  7.3 h and 11.3 h, and the average column mass  load is between 5.0 Tg and 7.2 Tg.  Coarse AOD is reproduced with an overall  correlation of around 0.5 and with normalized biases ranging from  +8.8% to +38.8%.  Surface concentration is simulated with  normalized biases ranging from −9.5% to +28% and  the overall correlation is around 0.5.  Our results indicate that SST-dependent emission schemes  improve the overall model performance in reproducing surface concentrations.  On the other hand, they lead to an overestimation of the coarse AOD at tropical latitudes,  although it may be affected by uncertainties in the comparison due to the use of all-sky model AOD, the treatment  of water uptake, deposition and optical properties in the model and/or an inaccurate size distribution  at emission

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Modeling and evaluation of the global sea-salt aerosol distribution: sensitivity to size-resolved and sea-surface temperature dependent emission schemes