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This paper presents the first quantitative metric for aerosol populationmixing state, defined as the distribution of per-particle chemical speciescomposition. This new metric, the mixing state index χ, is an affineratio of the average per-particle species diversity Dα and the bulkpopulation species diversity Dγ, both of which are based oninformation-theoretic entropy measures. The mixing state index χ enablesthe first rigorous definition of the spectrum of mixing states from so-calledexternal mixture to internal mixture, which is significant for aerosolclimate impacts, including aerosol optical properties and cloud condensationnuclei activity. We illustrate the usefulness of this new mixing stateframework with model results from the stochastic particle-resolved modelPartMC-MOSAIC. These results demonstrate how the mixing state metrics evolvewith time for several archetypal cases, each of which isolates a specificprocess such as coagulation, emission, or condensation. Further, we presentan analysis of the mixing state evolution for a complex urban plume case, forwhich these processes occur simultaneously. We additionally derivetheoretical properties of the mixing state index and present a family ofgeneralized mixing state indexes that vary in the importance assigned tolow-mass-fraction species

Quantifying aerosol mixing state with entropy and diversity measures