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Low-level jets (LLJ) are important for turbulence in the stably stratifiedatmospheric boundary layer, but their occurrence, properties, and generationmechanisms in the Arctic are not well known. We analysed LLJs over thecentral Arctic Ocean in spring and summer 2007 on the basis of data collectedin the drifting ice station Tara. Instead of traditional radiosondesoundings, data from tethersonde soundings with a high vertical resolutionwere used. The Tara results showed a lower occurrence of LLJs(46 ± 8%) than many previous studies over polar sea ice. Strongjet core winds contributed to growth of the turbulent layer. Complexrelationships between the jet core height and the temperature inversion topheight were detected: substantial correlation (<i>r</i> = 0.72; <i>p</i> < 0.01) occurred when the jet core was above the turbulent layer, but wheninside the turbulent layer there was no correlation. The most importantforcing mechanism for LLJs was baroclinicity, which was responsible forthe generation of strong and warm LLJs, which on average occurred at loweraltitudes than other jets. Baroclinic jets were mostly associated withtransient cyclones instead of the climatological air temperature gradients.Besides baroclinicity, cases related to inertial oscillations and gusts weredetected. As many as 49% of the LLJs observed were associated with afrontal passage, which provides favourable conditions for baroclinicity,inertial oscillations, and gusts. Further research needs on LLJs in theArctic include investigation of low-level jet streams and their effects onthe sea ice drift and atmospheric moisture transport

Low-level jet characteristics over the Arctic Ocean in spring and summer