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We present a case study of Aitken and accumulation mode aerosolobserved downwind of the anvil of a deep tropical thunderstorm. Themeasurements were made by condensation nuclei counters flown on theEgrett high-altitude aircraft from Darwin during the ACTIVEcampaign, in monsoon conditions producing widespread convection overland and ocean. Maximum measured concentrations of aerosol with diametergreater than 10 nm were 25 000 cm<sup>−3</sup> (STP). By calculatingback-trajectories from the observations, and projecting ontoinfrared satellite images, the time since the air exited cloud wasestimated. In this way a time scale of about 3 hours was derivedfor the Aitken aerosol concentration to reach its peak. Weexamine the hypothesis that the growth in aerosol concentrations canbe explained by production of sulphuric acid from SO<sub>2</sub> followed byparticle nucleation and coagulation. Estimates of the sulphuric acidproduction rate show that the observations are only consistent withthis hypothesis if the particles coagulate to sizes >10 nm muchmore quickly than is suggested by current theory. Alternatively,other condensible gases (possibly organic) drive the growth ofaerosol particles in the TTL

Aerosol observations and growth rates downwind of the anvil of a deep tropical thunderstorm