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This study presents a comparative evaluation of the impact of WRF-NMM andWRF-ARW meteorology on CMAQ simulations of PM2.5, its composition andrelated precursors over the eastern United States with the intensiveobservations obtained by aircraft (NOAA WP-3), ship and surface monitoringnetworks (AIRNow, IMPROVE, CASTNet and STN) during the 2006 TexAQS/GoMACCSstudy. The results at the AIRNow surface sites show that both ARW-CMAQ andNMM-CMAQ reproduced day-to-day variations of observed PM2.5 andcaptured the majority of observed PM2.5 within a factor of 2 with a NMBvalue of −0.4% for ARW-CMAQ and −18% for NMM-CMAQ. Both modelsperformed much better at the urban sites than at the rural sites, withgreater underpredictions at the rural sites. Both models consistentlyunderestimated the observed PM2.5 at the rural IMPROVE sites by −1%for the ARW-CMAQ and −19% for the NMM-CMAQ. The greater underestimationsof SO42−, OC and EC by the NMM-CMAQ contributed to increasedunderestimation of PM2.5 at the IMPROVE sites. The NMB values forPM2.5 at the STN urban sites are 15% and −16% for the ARW-CMAQand NMM-CMAQ, respectively. The underestimation of PM2.5 at the STNsites by the NMM-CMAQ mainly results from the underestimations of theSO42−, NH4+ and TCM components, whereas theoverestimation of PM2.5 at the STN sites by the ARW-CMAQ results fromthe overestimations of SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+.The Comparison with WP-3 aircraft measurements reveals that both ARW-CMAQand NMM-CMAQ have very similar model performance for vertical profilesfor PM2.5 chemical components (SO42−,NH4+) and related gaseous species (HNO3, SO2,NH3, isoprene, toluene, terpenes) as both models used the same chemicalmechanisms and emissions. The results of ship along the coast ofsoutheastern Texas over the Gulf of Mexico show that both models capturedthe temporal variations and broad synoptic change seen in the observed HCHOand acetaldehyde with the means NMB <30% most of the time but theyconsistently underestimated terpenes, isoprene, toluene and SO2

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Comparative evaluation of the impact of WRF/NMM and WRF/ARW meteorology on CMAQ simulations for PM&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2.5&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and its related precursors during the 2006 TexAQS/GoMACCS study