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Globally, carbonyl sulphide (COS) is the most abundant sulphur gas in the atmosphere.Our chemistry-climate model (CCM) of the lower and middle atmosphere withaerosol module realistically simulates the background stratospheric sulphurcycle, as observed by satellites in volcanically quiescent periods. The modelresults indicate that upward transport of COS from the troposphere largelycontrols the sulphur budget and the aerosol loading of the backgroundstratosphere. This differs from most previous studies which indicated thatshort-lived sulphur gases are also important. The model realisticallysimulates the modulation of the particulate and gaseous sulphur abundance inthe stratosphere by the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). In the lowermoststratosphere organic carbon aerosol contributes significantly to extinction.Further, using a chemical radiative convective model and recent spectra, wecompute that the direct radiative forcing efficiency by 1 kg of COS is 724times that of 1 kg CO2. Considering an anthropogenic fraction of 30%(derived from ice core data), this translates into an overall directradiative forcing by COS of 0.003 W m−2. The direct global warmingpotentials of COS over time horizons of 20 and 100 yr areGWP(20 yr) = 97 and GWP(100 yr) = 27, respectively (by mass).Furthermore, stratospheric aerosol particles produced by the photolysis ofCOS (chemical feedback) contribute to a negative direct solar radiativeforcing, which in the CCM amounts to −0.007 W m−2 at the top of theatmosphere for the anthropogenic fraction, more than two times the directwarming forcing of COS. Considering that the lifetime of COS is twice that ofstratospheric aerosols the warming and cooling tendencies approximatelycancel

The role of carbonyl sulphide as a source of stratospheric sulphate aerosol and its impact on climate