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We investigated the iron (Fe) dissolution kinetics of African (Tibesti) andAsian (Beijing) dust samples at acidic pH with the aim of reproducing thelow pH conditions in atmospheric aerosols. The Beijing dust and three sizefractions of the Tibesti dust (<20 μm: PM20; <10 μm:PM10; and <2.5 μm: PM2.5) were dissolved at pH 1, 2 and/or3 for up to 1000 h. In the first 10 min, all dust samples underwent anextremely fast Fe solubilisation. Subsequently, the Fe dissolution proceededat a much slower rate before reaching a stable dissolution plateau. Thetime-dependant Fe dissolution datasets were best described by a modelcomprising three acid-extractable Fe pools each dissolving according tofirst-order kinetics. The dissolution rate constant k (h−1) of each poolwas independent of the source (Saharan or Asian) and the size (PM20,PM10 or PM2.5) of the dust but highly dependent on pH. The"fast" Fe pool had a k (25 h−1 at pH = 1) of a similar magnitude to"dry" ferrihydrite nanoparticles and/or poorly crystalline Fe(III)oxyhydroxide, while the "intermediate" and "slow" Fe pools had k valuesrespectively 50–60 times and 3000–4000 times smaller than the "fast" pool.The "slow" Fe pool was likely to consist of both crystalline Fe oxidephases (i.e., goethite and/or hematite) and Fe contained in the clayminerals. The initial mass of the "fast", "intermediate" and "slow" Fepools represented respectively about 0.5–2%, 1–3% and 15–40% ofthe total Fe in the dust samples. Furthermore, we showed that in systemswith low dust/liquid ratios, Fe can be dissolved from all three pools,whereas at high dust/liquid ratios (e.g., in aerosols), sufficient Fe may besolubilised from the "fast" phase to dominate the Fe dissolved and tosuppress the dissolution of Fe from the other Fe pools. These datademonstrated that dust/liquid ratio and pH are fundamental parameterscontrolling Fe dissolution kinetics in the dust. In order to reduce errorsin atmospheric and climate models, these fundamental controlling factorsneed to be included

Iron dissolution kinetics of mineral dust at low pH during simulated atmospheric processing