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This paper reports the first direct eddy covariance fluxes of reactivebiogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from oil palms to the atmosphereusing proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), measured at aplantation in Malaysian Borneo. At midday, net isoprene flux constituted thelargest fraction (84 %) of all emitted BVOCs measured, at up to 30 mg m−2 h−1 over 12 days. By contrast, the sum of its oxidationproducts methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and methacrolein (MACR) exhibited cleardeposition of 1 mg m−2 h−1, with a small average canopy resistanceof 230 s m−1. Approximately 15 % of the resolved BVOC flux from oilpalm trees could be attributed to floral emissions, which are thought to bethe largest reported biogenic source of estragole and possibly also toluene.Although on average the midday volume mixing ratio of estragole exceededthat of toluene by almost a factor of two, the corresponding fluxes of thesetwo compounds were nearly the same, amounting to 0.81 and 0.76 mg m−2 h−1, respectively. By fitting the canopy temperature and PAR responseof the MEGAN emissions algorithm for isoprene and other emitted BVOCs abasal emission rate of isoprene of 7.8 mg m−2 h−1 was derived. Weparameterise fluxes of depositing compounds using a resistance approachusing direct canopy measurements of deposition. Consistent with Karl et al. (2010), we also propose that it is important toinclude deposition in flux models, especially for secondary oxidationproducts, in order to improve flux predictions

Direct ecosystem fluxes of volatile organic compounds from oil palms in South-East Asia