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Realistic size equivalence and shape of Saharan mineral dust particles arederived from in-situ particle, lidar and sun photometer measurementsduring SAMUM-1 in Morocco (19 May 2006), dealing with measured size- andaltitude-resolved axis ratio distributions of assumed spheroidal modelparticles. The data were applied in optical property, radiative effect,forcing and heating effect simulations to quantifythe realistic impact of particle non-sphericity. It turned out thatvolume-to-surface equivalent spheroids with prolate shape are most realistic:particle non-sphericity only slightly affects single scattering albedo andasymmetry parameter but may enhance extinction coefficient by up to 10 %.At the bottom of the atmosphere (BOA) the Saharan mineral dustalways leads to a loss of solar radiation, while the sign of the forcing atthe top of the atmosphere (TOA) depends on surface albedo: solarcooling/warming over a mean ocean/land surface. In the thermal spectral rangethe dust inhibits the emission of radiation to space and warms the BOA. The mostrealistic case of particle non-sphericity causes changes of total (solar plus thermal)forcing by 55/5 % at the TOA over ocean/land and 15 % at the BOA over both landand ocean and enhances total radiative heating within the dust plume by up to20 %. Large dust particles significantly contribute to all the radiativeeffects reported. They strongly enhance the absorbing properties and forward scatteringin the solar and increase predominantly, e.g., the total TOA forcing of the dust over land

On realistic size equivalence and shape of spheroidal Saharan mineral dust particles applied in solar and thermal radiative transfer calculations