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We present results from two field deployments of a unique tandemdifferential mobility analyzer (TDMA) configuration with two primarycapabilities: identifying alternative stable or meta-stable ambient aerosolhydration states associated with hysteresis in aerosol hydration behaviorand determining the actual Ambient hydration State (AS-TDMA). This data setis the first to fully classify the ambient hydration state of aerosolsdespite recognition that hydration state significantly impacts the roles ofaerosols in climate, visibility and heterogeneous chemistry. The AS-TDMA wasinstalled at a site in eastern Tennessee on the border of Great SmokyMountains National Park for projects during the summer of 2006 and winter of2007–2008. During the summer, 12% of the aerosols sampled in continuousAS-TDMA measurements were found to posses two possible hydration statesunder ambient conditions. In every case, the more hydrated of the possiblestates was occupied. The remaining 88% did not posses multiple possiblestates. In continuous measurements during the winter, 49% of the aerosolssampled possessed two possible ambient hydration states; the remainderpossessed only one. Of those aerosols with multiple possible ambienthydration states, 65% occupied the more hydrated state; 35% occupiedthe less hydrated state. This seasonal contrast is supported by differencesin the fine particulate (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) composition and ambient RH as measuredduring the two study periods. In addition to seasonal summaries, this workincludes case studies depicting the variation of hydration state withchanging atmospheric conditions

Measurement of ambient aerosol hydration state at Great Smoky Mountains National Park in the southeastern United States