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Our fundamental aim is to investigate solar cycle signals in sea levelpressure. In order to see if these may relate, especially at high latitudes,to the solar influence on the stratosphere we start by investigating thetemperature of the winter polar stratosphere and its dependence on the stateof the Sun and the phase of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO). We findthat the choice of pressure level used to define the phase of the QBO isimportant in determining how the solar and QBO influences appear to act incombination.  Informed by this we carry out a multiple linear regression analysis of zonalmean temperatures throughout the lower stratosphere and troposphere. Acombined solar*QBO temporal index exhibits strongly in the lowerstratosphere, but in much of the troposphere any influence of the QBO,either on its own or coupled to solar effects is much smaller than the puresolar signal.  We use a similar approach to analyse sea level pressure (SLP) data, firstusing a standard QBO time series dating back to 1953. We find at highlatitudes that individually the solar and QBO signals are weak but that thecompound solar*QBO temporal index shows a significant signal. This is suchthat combinations of low solar activity with westerly QBO and high solaractivity with easterly QBO are both associated with a strengthening in thepolar modes; while the opposite combinations coincide with a weakening. Byemploying a QBO dataset reconstructed back to 1900, we extend the SLPanalysis back to that date and also find a robust signal in the surface SAM;though weaker for surface NAM.  Our results suggest that solar variability, modulated by the phase of QBO,influences zonal mean temperatures at high latitudes in the lowerstratosphere, in the mid-latitude troposphere and sea level pressure nearthe poles. Thus a knowledge of the state of the Sun, and the phase of theQBO might be useful in surface climate prediction

The influence of solar variability and the quasi-biennial oscillation on lower atmospheric temperatures and sea level pressure