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Understanding the processes controlling black carbon (BC) in the Arctic iscrucial for evaluating the impact of anthropogenic and natural sources of BCon Arctic climate. Vertical profiles of BC mass loadings were observed fromthe surface to near 7-km altitude in April 2008 using a Single-Particle SootPhotometer (SP2) during flights on the NOAA WP-3D research aircraft fromFairbanks, Alaska. These measurements were conducted during theNOAA-sponsored Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting ArcticClimate (ARCPAC) project. In the free troposphere, the Arctic air mass wasinfluenced by long-range transport from biomass-burning and anthropogenicsource regions at lower latitudes especially during the latter part of thecampaign. Average BC mass mixing ratios peaked at about 150 ng BC (kg dry air )−1 near 5.5 km altitude in the aged Arctic airmass and 250 ng kg−1 at 4.5 km in biomass-burning influenced air. BC mass loadings wereenhanced by up to a factor of 5 in biomass-burning influenced air compared to the agedArctic air mass. At the bottom of some of the profiles, positive verticalgradients in BC were observed over the sea-ice. The vertical profilesgenerally occurred in the vicinity of open leads in the sea-ice. In the agedArctic air mass, BC mass loadings more than doubled with increasing altitudewithin the ABL and across the boundary layer transition while carbonmonoxide (CO) remained constant. This is evidence for depletion of BC massin the ABL. BC mass loadings were positively correlated with O3 inozone depletion events (ODEs) for all the observations in the ABL. Sincebromine catalytically destroys ozone in the ABL after being released asmolecular bromine in regions of new sea-ice formation at the surface, theBC–O3 correlation suggests that BC particles were removed by a surfaceprocess such as dry deposition. We develop a box model to estimate the drydeposition flux of BC mass to the snow constrained by the vertical profilesof BC mass in the ABL. Open leads in the sea-ice may increase verticalmixing and entrainment of pollution from the free troposphere possiblyenhancing the deposition of BC aerosol to the snow

Aircraft observations of enhancement and depletion of black carbon mass in the springtime Arctic