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Archived Federal Reference Method (FRM) Teflon filters used by stateregulatory agencies for measuring PM2.5 mass were acquired from 15 sitesthroughout the southeastern US and analyzed for water-solubleorganic carbon (WSOC), water-soluble ions and carbohydrates to investigatebiomass burning contributions to fine aerosol mass. Based on over 900 filtersthat spanned all of 2007, levoglucosan and K+ were studied inconjunction with MODIS Aqua fire count data to compare their performances asbiomass burning tracers. Levoglucosan concentrations exhibited a distinctseasonal variation with large enhancement in winter and spring and a minimumin summer, and were well correlated with fire counts, except in winter whenresidential wood burning contributions were significant. In contrast, K+concentrations had no apparent seasonal trend and poor correlation withfire counts. Levoglucosan and K+ only correlated well in winter(r2=0.59) when biomass burning emissions were highest, whereas in otherseasons they were not correlated due to the presence of other K+sources. Levoglucosan also exhibited larger spatial variability thanK+. Both species were higher in urban than rural sites (mean 44%higher for levoglucosan and 86% for K+). Positive MatrixFactorization (PMF) was applied to analyze PM2.5 sources and fourfactors were resolved: biomass burning, refractory material, secondary lightabsorbing WSOC and secondary sulfate/WSOC. The biomass burning sourcecontributed 13% to PM2.5 mass annually, 27% in winter, and lessthan 2% in summer, consistent with other souce apportionment studiesbased on levoglucosan, but lower in summer compared to studies based onK+

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Biomass burning impact on PM&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt; 2.5&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; over the southeastern US during 2007: integrating chemically speciated FRM filter measurements, MODIS fire counts and PMF analysis