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The response of a case of thin, warm marine-boundary-layer (MBL) clouds topreindustrial (PI) and present-day (PD) conditions is simulated by acloud-system resolving model (CSRM). Here, both the aerosol conditions andenvironmental conditions match those of a general circulation model (GCM).The environmental conditions are characterized by the initial condition andthe large-scale forcings of humidity and temperature, as well as the surfacefluxes. The response of the CSRM is compared to that simulated by the GCM.  The percentage increase of liquid-water path (LWP) due to a change from thePI to PD conditions is ~3 times larger in the CSRM than that in theGCM due to the formation of cumulus clouds. The formation of cumulus cloudsis controlled by a larger increase in the surface latent-heat (LH) flux inthe PD environment than in the PI environment rather than by the change inaerosols. However, the aerosol increase from the PI to PD level determinesthe LWP response in the stratocumulus clouds, while the impacts of changesin environmental conditions are negligible for stratocumulus clouds. Theconversion of cloud liquid to rain through autoconversion and accretionplays a negligible role in the CSRM in the response to aerosols, whereas itplays a role that is as important as condensation in the GCM. Also, it isnotable that the explicit simulation of microphysics in the CSRM leads to asmaller LWP in the CSRM than that in the GCM using heavily parameterizedmicrophysics for stratocumulus clouds. The smaller LWP in the CSRM is closerto an observed LWP than the LWP in the GCM for stratocumulus clouds.  Supplementary simulations show that increasing aerosols increase thesensitivity of the cloud responses to the PI and PD environmentalconditions. They also show that aerosol effects on clouds depend on thecloud type. The LWP of warm cumulus clouds is more sensitive to aerosolsthan that of stratocumulus clouds

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Comparison of a global-climate model to a cloud-system resolving model for the long-term response of thin stratocumulus clouds to preindustrial and present-day aerosol conditions