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This paper presents measurements of traffic-generated gas and particlepollution at two sites, one near a major highway and one near a busy urbanstreet in Copenhagen, Denmark. Both sites were equipped for a 4-week periodwith a set of two measurement stations, one close to the kerbside and onebackground station. Measurements were carried out from March to April~2008,investigating NOx concentrations, submicrometer particle number sizedistribution (size range 10–700 nm), particle mass (PM2.5, PM10),and meteorological parameters. In this study we also estimate the emissionfactors for NOx, particle number and particle mass using measuredtraffic volume and dilution rate calculated by the Operational StreetPollution Model (WinOSPM). The mean concentrations of most of the measured pollutants are similar forthe highway and the urban kerbside stations due to similar traffic density.The average concentrations of NOx are 142 μg m−3 and136 μg m−3 for the highway and the urban kerbside stations, respectively.These values are about 5 times higher compared to the correspondingbackground values. The average particle number concentration is 24 900 particles cm−3 and 27 100 particles cm−3 for the highway and theurban kerbside stations, respectively, and these values exceed thosemeasured at the background stations by a factor of 3 to 5. The temporal variation of the traffic contribution (difference of kerbsideand background concentrations) is analysed for NOx, particle number andmass, and it follows the traffic pattern at the urban and the highway sites.Emission factors for particle number are found to be quite similar at bothsites, (215±5) 1012 particles veh−1 km−1 for the highwayand (187±3) 1012 particles veh−1 km−1 for the urbansite. Heavy duty vehicles (HDVs) are found to emit about 20 times moreparticles than light duty vehicles (LDVs), which is in good agreement withother published studies. Emission factors are also determined for individualparticle modes identified in the size spectra. Average fleet emissionfactors for PM2.5 at the highway and the urban site are 29 mg veh−1 km−1 and 46 mg veh−1 km−1, respectively. The estimatedparticle number and size spectra emission factors will provide valuableinput for air quality and particle dispersion modelling near highways and inurban areas

Particle number, particle mass and NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; emission factors at a highway and an urban street in Copenhagen

Particle number, particle mass and NO<sub>x</sub> emission factors at a highway and an urban street in Copenhagen