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Organic molecular composition of PM<sub>10</sub> samples, collected at Chennai intropical India, was studied using capillary gas chromatography/massspectrometry. Fourteen organic compound classes were detected in theaerosols, including aliphatic lipids, sugar compounds, lignin products,terpenoid biomarkers, sterols, aromatic acids, hydroxy-/polyacids, phthalateesters, hopanes, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), and photooxidationproducts from biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). At daytime,phthalate esters were found to be the most abundant compound class; however,at nighttime, fatty acids were the dominant one. Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, C<sub>16</sub> fatty acid, and levoglucosan were identified as the mostabundant single compounds. The nighttime maxima of most organics in theaerosols indicate a land/sea breeze effect in tropical India, although someother factors such as local emissions and long-range transport may alsoinfluence the composition of organic aerosols. However, biogenic VOCoxidation products (e.g., 2-methyltetrols, pinic acid, 3-hydroxyglutaricacid and β-caryophyllinic acid) showed diurnal patterns with daytimemaxima. Interestingly, terephthalic acid was maximized at nighttime, whichis different from those of phthalic and isophthalic acids. A positiverelation was found between 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene (a tracer for plasticburning) and terephthalic acid, suggesting that the field burning ofmunicipal solid wastes including plastics is a significant source ofterephthalic acid. Organic compounds were further categorized into severalgroups to clarify their sources. Fossil fuel combustion (24–43%) wasrecognized as the most significant source for the total identifiedcompounds, followed by plastic emission (16–33%), secondary oxidation(8.6–23%), and microbial/marine sources (7.2–17%). In contrast, thecontributions of terrestrial plant waxes (5.9–11%) and biomass burning(4.2–6.4%) were relatively small. This study demonstrates that, inaddition to fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning, the open-burning ofplastics in urban area also contributes to the organic aerosols in SouthAsia

Molecular characterization of urban organic aerosol in tropical India: contributions of primary emissions and secondary photooxidation