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Heterogeneous ice nucleation on solid ammonium sulfate and glutaric acidparticles was studied using optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.Optical microscopy was used to detect selective nucleation events as watervapor was slowly introduced into an environmental sample cell. Particlesthat nucleated ice were dried via sublimation and examined in detail usingRaman spectroscopy. Depositional ice nucleation is highly selective andoccurred preferentially on just a few ammonium sulfate and glutaric acidparticles in each sample. For freezing temperatures between 214 K and 235 Kan average ice saturation ratio of <i>S</i> = 1.10±0.07 for solid ammoniumsulfate was observed. Over the same temperature range, S values observed forice nucleation on glutaric acid particles increased from 1.2 at 235 K to 1.6at 218 K. Experiments with externally mixed particles further show thatammonium sulfate is a more potent ice nucleus than glutaric acid.Our results suggest that heterogeneous nucleation on ammonium sulfate may bean important pathway for atmospheric ice nucleation and cirrus cloudformation when solid ammonium sulfate aerosolparticles are available for ice formation. This pathway for ice formationmay be particularly significant near the tropical tropopause region wheresulfates are abundant and other species known to be good ice nuclei aredepleted

Depositional ice nucleation on solid ammonium sulfate and glutaric acid particles