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During the winter component of the SPORT (Seasonal ParticleObservations in the Region of Toronto) field campaign, particulatenon-refractory chemical composition and concentration of selectedvolatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured by an Aerodynetime-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) and a proton transferreaction-mass spectrometer (PTR-MS), respectively. Sampling wasperformed in downtown Toronto ~15 m from a major road. Themass spectra from the AMS and PTR-MS were combined into a unifieddataset, which was analysed using positive matrix factorization(PMF). The two instruments were given balanced weight in the PMFanalysis by the application of a scaling factor to the uncertaintiesof each instrument. A residual based metric, Δ<span style="border-top: 1px solid #000; color: #000;">e<sub>sc</sub></span>, was used to evaluate the instrument relative weightwithin each solution. The PMF analysis yielded a 6-factor solutionthat included factors characteristic of regional transport, localtraffic emissions, charbroiling and oxidative processing. Theunified dataset provides information on emission sources (particleand VOC) and atmospheric processing that cannot be obtained from thedatasets of the individual instruments: (1) apportionment ofoxygenated VOCs to either direct emission sources or secondaryreaction products; (2) improved correlation of oxygenated aerosolfactors with photochemical age; and (3) increased detail regardingthe composition of oxygenated organic aerosol factors. This analysisrepresents the first application of PMF to a unified AMS/PTR-MSdataset

Simultaneous factor analysis of organic particle and gas mass spectra: AMS and PTR-MS measurements at an urban site