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Seeking for baseline conditions has biased the atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO2) and later on also oxygen (O2) monitoring networks towardsremote marine stations, missing part of the variability that is due toregional anthropogenic as well as land biotic activity. We present here afive-year record of atmospheric CO2 concentrations and oxygen/nitrogen(O2/N2) ratio measurements from the coastal stations Lutjewad(LUT), The Netherlands and Mace Head (MHD), Ireland, derived from flasksamples. O2/N2 ratios, a proxy for O2 concentrations,concurrently measured with CO2 concentrations, help determineregional CO2 fluxes by separating land fluxes from sea fluxes. MaceHead is the closest marine baseline station to Lutjewad, located at the samelatitude, and therefore is taken as a reference. During the studied period,from 2000 until 2005, we observed an average increase of CO2 in theatmosphere of (1.7±0.2) ppm y−1, and a change of theO2/N2 ratio of (−20±1) per meg y−1. The differencebetween the CO2 summer minimum and the winter maximum is 14.4 ppm and16.1 ppm at Mace Head and Lutjewad, respectively, while the paraphasevariation in the O2 signal equals 113 per meg and 153 per meg,respectively. We also studied the atmospheric potential oxygen (APO) tracerat both stations. By this analysis, evidence has been found that we need tobe careful when using APO close to anthropogenic CO2 sources. It couldbe biased by combustion-derived CO2, and models need to take intoaccount daily and seasonal variations in the anthropogenic CO2production in order to be able to simulate APO over the continents

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide observations from two European coastal stations 2000–2005: continental influence, trend changes and APO climatology