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Using one month of the cloud-resolving Nonhydrostatic IcosahedralAtmospheric Model (NICAM) simulations, we examined the impact of differentdefinitions of clear-sky flux on the determination of longwave cloudradiative forcing (CRF). Because the satellite-like cloud-free compositepreferentially samples drier conditions relative to the all-sky mean state,the conventional clear-sky flux calculation using the all-sky mean state inthe model may represent a more humid atmospheric state in comparison to thecloud-free state. The drier bias is evident for the cloud-free composite inthe NICAM simulations, causing an overestimation of the longwave CRF byabout 10% compared to the NICAM simulated longwave CRF. Overall, watervapor contributions of up to 10% of the total longwave CRF should betaken account for making model-generated cloud forcing comparable to thesatellite measurements

Impact of different definitions of clear-sky flux on the determination of longwave cloud radiative forcing: NICAM simulation results