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This study aims to investigate the changes in the tissue structure, cellapoptosis, antioxidant activity, and cytokine contents of the bursa ofFabricius (BF) in chicks under heat stress, and the regulation mechanism ofthe protective effect of dietary γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on BF inchicks. One-day-old male Wenchang chicks were randomly divided into acontrol group (CK), heat stress group (HS), and GABA + HS group. The index ofBF, area of follicle, density of apoptosis, antioxidant activity (SOD, MDA,and GSH-PX), and cytokine contents (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, andHSP70) in the BF tissue of chicks were determined at the end of week 1–6.Results showed that HS group had significantly decreased index of BF andarea of follicle, and significantly increased density of apoptosis comparedwith CK group (P < 0.05), while GABA + HS group had significantlyincreased index of BF and area of follicle, and significantly decreaseddensity of apoptosis compared with HS group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the total SOD activity in the BF tissue among the three groups, except that GABA + HS group had an increase in total SODactivity in week 6, which was significantly different from that of CK and HSgroups (P < 0.05). The GSH-PX activity in the BF tissue was high in all groups in the first 3 weeks, but decreased in week 4–6. The MDAcontent in the BF tissue of HS and GABA + HS groups was significantlyincreased compared with that of CK group (P < 0.05). There was nosignificant difference in the HSP70 content between HS and GABA + HS groups(P > 0.05), both of which were significantly decreased comparedwith that of CK group (P < 0.05). The contents of IL-1β,IL-6, and TNF-α in the BF tissue increased with age in all three groups in week 1–6. In the later BF development, the content of IL-1β in HSgroup was significantly decreased compared with that of CK group, whereasthe content of IL-6 was significantly increased (P < 0.05), and no significant difference was observed in the content of TNF-α. Incontrast, the content of IL-6 in GABA + HS group was significantly decreasedcompared with that of CK group, and the content of TNF-α wassignificantly increased (P < 0.05). These results suggested that heat stress caused structural damage to the BF tissue, increased cell apoptosis,and decreased antioxidant activity in the BF of chicks. GABA could alleviatethe negative effects of heat stress on the BF tissue and improve thestructural and functional development of BF in chicks, by increasing theantioxidant activity, down-regulating IL-6 content, and reducing cellapoptosis in the BF tissue of chicks

archives animal breeding/archiv für tierzucht

Effects of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;γ&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;-aminobutyric acid on the tissue structure, antioxidant activity, cell apoptosis, and cytokine contents of bursa of Fabricius in chicks under heat stress