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The quality of individual ratings of conformation traits can commonly beevaluated by calculating inter-rater correlations and repeatabilitycoefficients. We present an approach in which we associate the individualrating scores with the underlying horse shapes derived from standardizedimages, performing a shape regression. Therefore, we analyzed theshape of 102 Lipizzan stallions from the Spanish Riding School in Vienna,defined by 246 shape-correlated two-dimensional coordinates using techniquesfrom the field of image analysis and geometric morphometrics. In addition weexamined the differences in the conformation classifiers' perceptions of type traits and functional traits. In this study part, the ratingscores of eight conformation classifiers were tested for agreement, yieldinginter-rater correlations ranging from 0.30 to 0.55 andkappa coefficients ranging from 0.08 to 0.42. From the 12 scoring traitsassessed on a valuating scale, type traits with a mean kappacoefficient (<i>κ</i>) of 0.27 demonstrated a higher agreement than functional traits(<i>κ</i> =  0.14). Based on 246 two-dimensional anatomical and somatometriclandmarks, the shape variation was analyzed by the use of generalized orthogonalleast-squares Procrustes (generalized Procrustes analysis – GPA) procedures. Shape variables were regressedinto the results from visually scored linear type trait classifications(shape regressions). From the 48 performed shape regressions (eightclassifiers, six traits), 42 % resulted in a significant equation. In58 % of the ratings, no association between scores and the phenotype ofthe horses was found. Phenotypic differences of model horses alongsignificant regression curves of mean ratings and individual ratings wereexemplarily visualized and compared by warped and averaged images. Finally, wedemonstrated that the method of shape regression offers the possibility toevaluate the association of individual ratings from expert conformationclassifiers with the shapes of horses. The detected bias in classifiers'rankings have not been considered in breeding programs, and its impact onselection procedures still needs further research

Ratings of equine conformation – new insights provided by shape analysis using the example of Lipizzan stallions