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This study was conducted on a sample of 2237 Polish Holstein-Friesian cows.The aim was to estimate the effect of selected environmental factors on thelevel of urea in cow's milk and on its genetic parameters, i.e. theheritability coefficients, and genetic correlation with other selectedtraits of milk production. The present study has revealed the existence of ahighly significant influence of herd, year of calving, parity, lactationphase, and milk performance level on the urea content in cow's milk. A highurea level in milk was detected in samples collected from older animals,both during the winter season and the middle phase of lactation (101–200 days).  The heritability estimates were generally at a low level, particularly interms of milk yield (0.183) and urea content (0.152–0.159), which mayindicate the dominant role of the environment in shaping them. Relativelylow values of genetic correlation (−0.097–0.140) between the urea contentand other traits suggest that improvement of milk yield and its compositionmodify the urea level in milk only to a small degree

Genetic and environmental determinants of the urea level in cow's milk