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Mastitis is one of the most important dairy cattle diseases which results in economiclosses in dairy production. Mastitis cases can be classified as subclinical orclinical. All forms of mastitis lead to changes in milk composition and induce anincrease in somatic cell count (SCC). SCC is a very important and basicindicator of udder health. An increase in SCC is usually caused by theimmune response to the invasion of pathogens contributing to mastitis. The aim of thisstudy was to investigate associations between the polymorphisms of selectedgenes (TLR4 and CARD15/NOD2) whose products are involved in the identification ofpathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) during the innate immuneresponse to infection, and immunity to mastitis expressed as SCC. The genes understudy were also examined for epistatic effects as well as effects ofinteractions with parity and stages of lactation. In all the studied classes,allele G of TLR4 had a favourable additive effect with negative values,contributing to a lower lnSCC. Allele A of CARD15/NOD2 had a desirable additive effectwhich varied with time and the changing internal environment duringlactation. With regard to the dominance effect, allele A of CARD15/NOD2 was found to besignificantly associated with a higher SCC in milk in the first lactationand in the third stage of each single lactation. Moreover, statisticallysignificant epistatic effects were found, in particular additive–additiveand dominance–additive interactions were favourably associated with SCCwhich was lower than expected in the case of no epistasis

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Association of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;TLR4&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;CARD15/NOD2&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; polymorphisms with SCC in Holstein–Friesian cattle