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Changes occurring in the economic and social systems, often referred to as Industry 4.0, relate to the employment structure in the economy. More employees will find jobs in the services sector and creative industries. These changes create new threats. The non-physical working conditions and the mental health of the employees are becoming increasingly important. The purpose of the research results presented in the article is to identify and learn about the relationship between the implementation of 5S practices and the safety of working conditions. This will allow a better understanding of the phenomena accompanying the implementation of 5S practices and their impact on employees' health. This makes it necessary for researchers to identify the goals set before implementing 5S practices in the light of the working conditions and to analyze their actual and potential impact on employees' health. The authors conducted bibliographic studies, in-depth interviews with employees and managers of the company, and analyzed documentation on the implementation of 5S. The study used the case study method. The authors, as a result of the research, identified practices used in companies when implementing the 5S principles and they found that the implementations did not take into account the context of the working conditions and the impact of the implementations on the employees' physical and mental health. They also determined that the main goal of the implementations was to maximize work efficiency. Where the working conditions improved, it occurred as an unintended effect. The authors have identified areas that can improve the mental well-being and health of employees when implementing and using 5S practices.

Changes in safety of Working Conditions as a Result of Introducing 5S Practices