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Based on the facts that the voice quality that allow s the recognition of a speaker is characterized, among ot her features, by his/her fundamental frequency (F0) and that F0 m ay differ across languages, we investigated, in the present r sea ch, whether speakers show different F0 when they speak in two different languages. To do this, we carried out a s udy with a within-speaker design, in which long-term distribut onal (LTD) F0 level and span measures were examined in early o r late bilingual speakers of English and French, of Englis h and German, and of French and German. The results are the following: English-French speak ers presented a lower F0 in English than in French. Alo ng the same line, English-German speakers showed a lower F0 in English than in German. Moreover, they showed more variabil ity n English than in German, especially when English was the speakers' mother tongue. Finally, French-German sho wed no differences in F0 level or span between both langua ges. These findings, which are partially in agreement with pre vious studies, not only highlight the advantage of using a withinspeaker design in order to neutralize individual difference s, but they also support the idea that the language spoken by the sp eaker is important for his/her identification.

Do speakers show different F0 when they speak in different languages? The case of English, French and German?