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Millimeter wave radar systems are well suited for applications in automotive and industrial distance measurement sensors. The precision of FMCW radar systems notably depends on the bandwidth and the linearity of the generated frequency ramps. Thus, high precision and high speed measurement systems are in need of highly linear frequency ramps. The realization requires a phase-locked loop (PLL) with an adjustable output frequency as shown in figure 1. Compared to other concepts of generating frequency ramps, the PLL offers the most stable performance in the millimeter wave region. The PLL’s output frequency is determined by the division ratio of a frequency divider in the loop. Distinct improvement in linearity and noise is achieved by fractional synthesizers. These require high speed programmable dividers and fast switching of the division ration in a wide range [1]. Higher output frequencies are achieved by adding a prescaler, mixer or multiplier in the system. For the best noise performance the system should be designed for low division ratios and thus a high reference frequency.

C4.1 - A Programmable 7GHz Frequency Divider in a SiGe Bipolar Technology for Highly Linear Fractional-N Ramp Generation