Prenatal diagnosis of fetal ovarian cyst: case report and review of the literature

Foetal ovarian cysts are the most frequently encountered intra-abdominal cystic masses diagnosed prenatally. The aetiology of foetal ovarian cysts is still unknown, but hormonal stimulation is generally considered to be responsible for the disease. The diagnosis is made by the exclusion of other cystic lesions confined to the foetal abdomen. In this article we report antenatally-detected foetal ovarian cyst with a review of the available literature. Antenatal ultrasonography (USG) revealed an abdominal cystic mass 41×33 mm in diameter in a 33-week gestation female foetus. The normal anatomy of other foetal abdominal organs suggested that an ovarian cyst was the most likely diagnosis. In the antenatal follow-up period, the cyst diameter increased with time. After delivery, USG scan confirmed the antenatal findings. Due to abdominal distension and respiratory distress, ovarian cystectomy was performed on the second postnatal day. The histopathological evaluation of the surgical material reported a serous cystadenoma of the ovary with non-malignant properties.