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The growth of the advanced functional and structural materials industry, whether for applications of Functionally Graded Materials(FGMs), nano-phase materials, or other new materials must provide the end user with economic value and quality that justifies the commercial cost. The FGMs will always cost more than metallic or ceramic, monolithic or composite alternative materials because of the inherent cost of manufacturing method. Potentials for an industrial use of FGMs are hampered by the lack of an infrastructure for high volume manufacturing facilities at times. In order to overcome those existing issues, the low cost production systems are also desired. The SPS technique was originally invented in Japan as “Spark Sintering (SS)” in the early 1960s. The SPS has a high potential to be a major FGMs manufacturing method in the various industries provided the developments necessary, therefore, is now challenging both high-value added small scale and mass-production area to apply newly developed 5th generation SPS systems and processes.

Recent Progress of Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) Method and Industrial use of Funcionally Graded Materials (FGMs)