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The purpose of this research is to investigate and compare both First Generation Ethanol (FGE) and Second Generation Ethanol (SGE) life-cycles, under economical, technological, environmental and social aspects in Brazil, by means of literature review and expert interview. FSE demonstrated both economic and environmental advantages in contrast with fossil fuels; however, in spite of developments in mechanization aimed at the agriculture stage and the recent growth of schooling levels, FSE still stands far from non-agricultural industries. SGE indicates significant environmental and social advantages, correlated to FSE, due to its decreased use of natural resources and energy, its feedstock being FSE solid residue, and the increase in technology with better qualified labor. The FSE-SGE combinedcycle is a viable proposition to overcome these challenges on behalf of the sugarcane plants. Key-words: Ethanol, First Generation, Second Generation, Brazil.

ETANOL DE PRIMEIRA OU DE SEGUNDA GERAÇÃO? UMA COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE OS CICLOS PRODUTIVOS