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ELASTOCOAST revetments are highly porous structures made of mineral aggregates (e.g. crushed stones) which are durably and elastically bonded by polyurethane (PU). Despite their numerous advantages as compared to conventional revetments and the large experience available from several pilot projects (e.g. in The Netherlands and Germany), physically-based design formulae to predict their hydraulic performance, wave loading and response are still lacking. Therefore, the present study aims at improving the understanding of the processes involved in the interaction between wave, revetment and foundation, based on large-scale model tests performed in the Coastal Research Centre (FZK), Hannover/Germany, and to provide formulae/diagrams for the prediction of (i) the hydraulic performance (wave reflection, wave run-up and rundown), (ii) the wave load on and beneath the revetment as well as in the subsoil for a wide range of wave conditions, including both impact and non-impact wave loads, (iii) the response of the revetment (flexural behaviour) and its foundation (pore pressure and effective stress). The failure of one of the three ELASTOCOAST revetment model alternatives A, B and C tested at prototype scale is also analysed on the basis of the data simultaneously recorded by more than 80 transducers synchronously connected to two video cameras. As a result, it is shown that the weakest ELASTOCOAST alternative failed due to transient liquefaction of the sand core beneath the revetment while another ELASTOCOAST alternative, synchronously tested under exactly the same wave conditions, did not fail. Generic implications are then drawn from these results for the design of bonded permeable revetments subject to water waves. Finally, a brief outlook is provided on the planned future research directed towards numerical modelling and the incorporation of these results in a design manual for polyurethane bonded aggregate (PBA) revetments.

Hydraulic performance, wave loading and response of ELASTOCOAST revetments and their foundations