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The present investigation was carried out at Giza Agricultural Experiments and Research Station, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt during the two successive seasons 2016 and 2017. The objective of this investigation was to assess the effect of applied irrigation water, infestation with insects and infection with virus on cowpea and maize productivity, as well as farmer income under intercropping condition. The experiment included nine treatments which were the combinations between three applied irrigation water levels (80, 100 and 120% of the recommended applied irrigation water level of maize) and three cropping systems (intercropping cowpea with maize, sole cowpea and sole maize), in addition to recommended sole maize that grown on ridges 70 cm width and received 100% of applied irrigation water. The experimental design was a strip plot with three replications. Irrigation water treatments were randomly assigned to the vertical strips and cropping systems were allocated in the horizental strips. Data indicated that the highest applied irrigation water level (120% ETo) had higher water consumptive use than the others. The intercrops had higher water consumptive use than those of sole plantings. With respect to maize crop, increasing applied irrigation water from 80 to 120% ETo significantly increased infestation with aphids, jassids, Hawaiian beet webworm, cotton leafworm and whiteflies on maize leaves, as well as higher grain yield per ha and its attributes. Intercropped maize had higher infestation with aphids, jassids, cotton leafworm and whiteflies, as well as ear leaf area per plant than those of sole maize, meanwhile, the reverse was true for greater sugarcane borer. Intercropped maize plants that received the highest applied irrigation water (120% ETo) had higher infestation with aphids, jassids and cotton leaf worm on maize leaves than the other treatments, meanwhile higher ear leaf area per plant was recorded by application of the recommended applied irrigation water of maize (100% ETo). With respect to cowpea crop, increasing applied irrigation water from 80 to 120% ETo significantly increased infestation with aphids, jassids, leaf miner fly, Hawaiian beet webworm, cotton leafworm and whiteflies, as well as soybean mosaic virus (SMV) infection on cowpea leaves, beside higher plant height, number of branches per plant and forage yield per ha. Intercropped cowpea had lower infestation with aphids, jassids, leaf miner fly and Hawaiian beet webworm, as well as lower SMV infection and number of branches per plant and forage yield per ha than those of sole cowpea. Sole cowpea that received the recommended applied irrigation water of maize (100% ETo) had higher infestation with Hawaiian beet webworm, jassids and leaf miner fly on cowpea leaves than the other treatments, meanwhile, SMV infection was not by the interaction between applied irrigation water levels and cropping systems. Sole cowpea that received the highest applied irrigation water level (120% ETo) had a higher number of branches per plant and forage yield per ha than the other treatments. With respect to competitive and water relationships, as well as economic return, land equivalent ratio (LER) and land equivalent coefficient (LEC) gave higher values over 1.00 and 0.25, respectively, with higher water equivalent ratio (WER) and net return by intercropping cowpea with maize that received 100% ETo in both seasons. These results show that growing two rows of maize on beds 140 cm width (one row/side) with growing two rows of cowpea in middle of maize beds with the application of the recommended applied irrigation water level of maize reduced aphids, jassids and cotton leafworm on maize leaves, and jassids, leaf miner fly and Hawaiian beet webworm on cowpea leaves, as well as increased maize grain and cowpea forage yields per ha, land and water usages, as well as economic return.

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STUDY OF PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF INTERCROPPING COWPEA WITH MAIZE UNDER THREE IRRIGATION WATER LEVELS AND THEIR RESPONSE TO INSECT INFESTATION AND VIRAL INFECTION