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I investigated a method for drawing the star chart in the planisphere Cheonsang-yeolcha-bunyajido. The outline of the star\udchart can be constructed by considering the astronomical information given in the planisphere alone and the drawing\udmethod described in Xin-Tangshu; further the chart can be completed by using additional information on the shape and\udlinking method of asterisms out of an inherited star chart. The circles of perpetual visibility, the equator, and the circle of\udperpetual invisibility are concentric, and their common center locates the Tianshu-xing, which was defined to be a pole star\udin the Han dynasty. The radius of the circle of perpetual visibility was modified in accordance with the latitude of Seoul,\udwhereas the other circles were drawn for the latitude of 35°, which had been the reference latitude in ancient Chinese\udastronomy. The ecliptic was drawn as an exact circle by parallel transference of the equator circle to fix the location of the\udequinoxes at the positions recorded in the epitaph of the planisphere. The positions of equinoxes originated from the Han\uddynasty. The 365 ticks around the boundary of the circle of perpetual invisibility were possibly drawn by segmenting the\udcircumference with an arc length instead of a chord length with the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter as\udaccurate as 3.14 presumed. The 12 equatorial sectors were drawn on the boundary of the star-chart in accordance with the\udbeginning and ending lodge angles given in the epitaph that originated from the Han dynasty. The determinative lines for\udthe 28 lunar lodges were drawn to intersect their determinative stars, but seven determinative stars are deviated. According\udto the treatises of the Tang dynasty, these anomalies were inherited from charts of the period earlier than the Tang dynasty.\udThus, the star chart in Cheonsang-yeolcha-bunyajido preserves the old tradition that had existed before the present Chinese\udtradition reformed in approximately 700 CE. In conclusion, the star chart in Cheonsang-yeolcha-bunyajido shows the sky of\udthe former Han dynasty with the equator modified to the latitude of Seoul

Astronomical Characteristics of Cheonsang-yeolcha-bunyajido from the Perspective of Manufacturing Methods