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In order to clarify the effect of arching spine during epidural anesthesia on deformation of the ligamentum flavum, elastic tensile force inside the ligamentum flavum was measured. The ligamentum flavum of porcine spine was pushed 3 mm with a tester of rubber hardness. Elastic tensile force inside the ligamentum flavum was obtained from reaction force-time waveform with the tester. Small retractor was employed to enlarge the width of the vertebral bones as substitute of arching spine. Maximum needle insertion force and deformation of the ligamentum flavum were plotted against the elastic tensile force inside the ligamentum flavum before needle insertion. The larger elastic tensile force inside the ligamentum flavum resulted in the smaller deformation of the ligamentum flavum, whereas no correlation was observed between the maximum needle insertion force and the elastic tensile force inside the ligamentum flavum.

raifu sapōto/raihu sapoto

Effect of Increase in Elastic Tensile Force inside the Ligamentum Flavum by Enlarging the Width of the Vertebral Bones on Deformation of the Ligamentum Flavum during Epidural Needle Insertion