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Dominance among chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) is usually measured by the pant-grunting vocalization directed from the subordinate to the dominant (1, 2). Although a linear dominance hierarchy exists among most adult males, some dyadic relationships are ambiguous (1, 3). In contrast, there is a distinctive social gap between adult males and adolescent males, i.e. all adolescents pant-grunt to all adults (4). Adolescence in male chimpanzees is thus a period between sexual maturity and social maturity which is achieved at about 15 years of age (5, 6, 7 but see 8). We report here the case of YL, a young male at Bossou, who outranked an old ex-alpha adult male TA and became the beta male at the age of 11 years, and who also showed insubordination to the alpha male FF.

Eleven-Year Old Male Chimpanzee Outranks Ex-Alpha Adult Male at Bossou