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Spanish moss, the epiphyte bromeliad Tillandsia usneoides (in Brazil, “Barba-de-velho”), has been used as biomonitor to evaluate air pollutants. In this article, total Hg concentrations were determined in bromeliads exposed at different areas of a Brazilian chlor-alkali plant while a calibration curve was built under controlled conditions in order to estimate atmospheric Hg concentrations. Hg determinations were performed by atomic absorption spectrometry. In the laboratory, the bromeliad exhibited linear Hg retention (r = 0.99; p < 0.05) when exposed to different Hg concentrations for 15 days under controlled conditions. While Tillandsia usneoides allows simultaneous and continuous monitoring of several workplaces inside a factory, identifying critical areas where workers can be overexposed, we conclude that bromeliad biomonitoring does not appear to be a trustworthy procedure to estimate Hg concentration in the air. However, this just can be a useful method for identifying and monitoring critical sites in continuous occupational and environmental control risk programs.

Can the Biomonitor Tillandsia usneoides Be Used to Estimate Occupational and Environmental Mercury Levels in the Air?