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Correspondence: Maristela Goldnadel Monteiro: Pan Americana Health Organization/World Health Organization, 525 23 St NW, Washington DC, USA 20037 E-mail: monteirm@paho.org Alcohol (or ethanol) is a psychoactive substance that causes intoxication. It is toxic to the cells and tissues of several of the body’s organs; it is carcinogenic, teratogenic, immunosuppressive, and its repeated use leads to tolerance and can cause chemical dependency. It is responsible for over 230 distinct health conditions, according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10 revision (ICD-10). Harmful use of alcoholic beverages is responsible for 7.2% of the global disease burden among males and 2.2% among females. Alcohol consumption causes some 3 million deaths worldwide every year, as well as millions of years of life lost due to early deaths and years lived with disability or sequelae of non-fatal injury or other chronic diseases. Among people aged 15-49 years old, alcohol is responsible for 10% of all deaths worldwide and is the most important risk factor. Total volume of alcohol consumed, context of consumption, frequency and amount consumed each time increase the risk of acute and chronic health and social problems. Dose-dependent risk increases with consumption volume and frequency, as well as increasing exponentially in relation to the amount consumed on a single occasion. The World Health Organization (WHO) considers that any amount of alcohol is associated with some degree of risk to health, such as is the case, for example, of breast cancer and dependency or injury. In all countries throughout the world, alcohol consumption has a negative impact on public health. Vulnerable populations and populations living in middleor low-income countries have higher relative alcohol-related death and hospitalization rates, in comparison to more affluent populations, despite consuming less or the same amount of alcohol. As such, groups characterized by poorer socio-economic conditions suffer disproportionately more. Other risk factors are also involved, such as unhealthy diets, tobacco smoking, as well less access to information, education, security and health services.

A iniciativa SAFER da Organização Mundial da Saúde e os desafios no Brasil para a redução do consumo nocivo de bebidas alcoólicas