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The paper proposes the development of an energy efficient multipath routing protocol with directional antenna for MANET as an optimization task as well as a multidisciplinary entity. A comprehensive analysis to link all the multi-disciplinary viewpoints involved in the development of desired multipath routing protocol with requisite technical details is presented in this paper. A simple and elegant mathematical formulation for the analysis of relative improvement of the performance metrics of ad-hoc networks with omnidirectional and directional antenna is presented. Through extensive numerical simulations, the multi-dimensional desirable performance attributes of wireless link such as improved range, improved RSS, reduced RF transmit power and consequent reduced consumption of battery power have been analyzed keeping the directional gain of the antenna as a variable parameter. Development or modification of a protocol with concurrent focus on multipath routing with optimization of the battery energy is a significant step to increase the life time of MANET without recharging. Selection of the energy efficient path amongst several alternative ones is of paramount significance in the evaluation of overall performance of MANET system. A formulation to compute the required Battery Energy taking into account the data pertaining to the power efficiency of the associated transceiver design as well as the specified link performance parameters is also discussed. Through a case study involving the specifications of a typical transceiver operating in the 2.4 GHz band, the desirable impact of higher gain of a directional antenna in the reduction of RF transmitter power is illustrated. The consequential reduced battery power consumption while still retaining the specified performance parameters of the adhoc network like range and Received Signal Strength (RSS) is also demonstrated. This paper also addresses the importance of alignment of beam peaks of directional antennas of a link and the quantification of additional RF power in lieu of Beam Pointing Angle (BPA) error in ad-hoc network. The profile of improved range with directional gain as an independent variable exhibits much sharper feature than an exponential function. The relationship between improvement in the RSS and higher directional gain bears linear characteristics and typical results reveal that for a dB increase in gain ratio, the corresponding improvement in RSS is 2 dBm. Results of Proposed Routing protocol simulations with built in hop count reduction feature reveal energy saving of 62.11% for a typical MANET scenario of 25 nodes, 5 MB data and data rate of 40 Kbps.

Simulation Studies On An Energy Efficient Multipath Routing Protocol Using Directional Antennas For Manets