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Handoff performance of NEMO BS protocol with existent improvement proposalsis still not sufficient for real time and QoS-sensitive applications andfurther optimizations are needed. When dealing with single homed NEMO, handofflatency and packet loss become irreducible all optimizations included, so thatit is impossible to meet requirements of the above applications. Then, How tocombine the different Fast handoff approaches remains an open research issueand needs more investigation. In this paper, we propose a new Infrastructureindependent handoff approach combining multihoming and intelligentMake-Before-Break Handoff. Based on required Handoff time estimation, L2 and L3handoffs are initiated using effective and timely MIH triggers, reducing so theanticipation time and increasing the probability of prediction. We extend MIHservices to provide tunnel establishment and switching before link break. Thus,the handoff is performed in background with no latency and no packet loss whilepingpong scenario is almost avoided. In addition, our proposal saves cost andpower consumption by optimizing the time of simultaneous use of multipleinterfaces. We provide also NS2 simulation experiments identifying suitableparameter values used for estimation and validating the proposed model

Seamless Infrastructure independent Multi Homed NEMO Handoff Using Effective and Timely IEEE 802.21 MIH triggers