English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The hierarchical macro/femto cell based BWA networks are observed to be quitepromising for mobile operators as it improves their network coverage andcapacity at the outskirt of the macro cell. However, this new technologyintroduces increased number of macro/femto handoff and wastage of electricalenergy which in turn may affect the system performance. Users moving with highvelocity or undergoing real-time transmission suffers degraded performance dueto huge number of unnecessary macro/femto handoff. On the other hand, hugeamount of electrical energy is wasted when a femto BS is active in the networkbut remains unutilized due to low network load. Our proposed energy efficienthandoff decision algorithm eliminates the unnecessary handoff while balancingthe load of the macro and femto cells at minimal energy consumption. Theperformance of the proposed algorithm is analyzed using Continuous Time MarkovChain (CTMC) Model. In addition, we have also contributed a method to determinethe balanced threshold level of the received signal strength (RSS) from macrobase station (BS). The balanced threshold level provides equal loaddistribution of the mobile users to the macro and femto BSs. The balancedthreshold level is evaluated based on the distant location of the femto cellsfor small scaled networks. Numerical analysis shows that threshold level abovethe balanced threshold results in higher load distribution of the mobile usersto the femto BSs.

Load Balancing with Reduced Unnecessary Handoff in Energy Efficient Macro/Femto-cell based BWA Networks