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Placental alterations are responsible for adverse pregnancy outcomes like preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. And yet, placenta toxicology has not become a fully-fledged toxicology field. Because placenta is very often seen only as a barrier between the mother and the fetus, there is a lack and therefore a need for an experimental human model with technical recommendations to study placenta toxicology. In vitro approaches are recommended in experimental toxicology as they focus on a specific biological process and yield high-throughput screening methods. In the present study, we first established incubation conditions to preserve signatures of the human JEG-3 cell line identity while enabling toxicity detection. JEG-3 cells prepared in our incubation conditions were renamed JEG-Tox cells. As placental alterations are mainly triggered by uncontrolled apoptosis, we second used known apoptotic agents pregnant women are exposed to, to check that JEG-Tox cells can trigger apoptosis. Ethanol, bisphenol F, quinalphos, 4,4'-DDT, benzalkonium chloride, phenoxyethanol, propylparaben, and perfluorooctanic acid all induced chromatin condensation in JEG-Tox cells. Our incubation conditions allow JEG-Tox cells to keep placental cell identity and to respond to toxic chemicals. JEG-Tox cells are a pertinent model for placenta toxicology and could be used to better understand pregnancy alterations.

JEG-3 placental cells in toxicology studies: a promising tool to reveal pregnancy disorders