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CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Katarzyna Rogulska, MD, Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology with Strabismus Treatment Centre, the Medical University of Bialystok Children’s Clinical Hospital of l. Zamenhof, 17 Jerzego Waszyngtona St., 15-274 Białystok, e-mail: k.w.2505@gmail.com INTRODUCTION Pediatric uveitis may involve single structures of the choroid, or the whole interior of the eyeball. The course of the disease may be acute, recurrent or chronic [1, 2]. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is the most common etiological factor of anterior uveitis in children. Inflammation of the intermediate part is often idiopathic, while inflammation of the posterior segment is usually caused by toxoplasmosis [3]. The affected eye often remains pale and painless. Children rarely report their ailments, and even if they do, they happen to be ignored by adults [3]. They develop complications much earlier and they are usually more difficult to treat than in adults. The risk of amblyopia in the eye affected by the disease has to be considered. The lack of cooperation on the part of the child may significantly impede the examination and may be the reason for overlooking of, for example, a delicate exudate in the ventricular fluid [3]. In justified cases, ophthalmological examination is performed under short-term general anesthesia. Some eye diseases in children may mimic uveitis, e.g., in retinoblastoma cancer cells imitating exudate, pseudohypopyon, are sometimes observed in the ventricular fluid, along with delicate gray deposits on the corneal endothelium, and nodules and congestion within the iris. Uveitis may also be secondary [4], e.g. to retinal detachment [1]. Due to the diversity of uveitis etiology and existence of diseases that should be differentiated from this disease, careful history of accompanying and past conditions, medications used by the patient, as well as selected appropriate diagnostic tests and consultations play an extremely important role. The correct diagnosis may decide about the early introduction of appropriate treatment, and thus improve the prognosis not only regarding visual acuity, but sometimes also the child’s life [1].

Uveitis or not? Diagnostic doubts in the pediatric age group