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Cyanotoxins,toxicsecondarymetabolitesofcyanobacteria,areabletoinducea widerangeofneg ative health effects in the intoxicated organisms. Except for their well-described hepatotoxic or neuro toxicactivities,cyanotoxinsarealsoconsideredtopossessotherproperties,suchasimmunotoxicityor genotoxicity.Theaimoftheworkwastostudythepotentialcytotoxic/genotoxicimpactofselectedcyan otoxins (microcystin-LR, cylindrospermopsin and anatoxin-a) on common carp leukocytes. The cells were exposed to the toxins at 0.5 µg/ml for 18 h. DNA damage in the cells was studied with the use of thealkalineversionofthecometassaydetectingsingle-anddouble-strandDNAbreaks.Apoptoticcells were identified on the basis of phosphatidylserine translocation in the plasma membrane and the cell viability was checked by the propidium iodide staining. The most substantial changes were detected in theleukocytesexposedtomicrocystin-LR,inwhicha highlevelofDNAdamagewasobserved,butthere wasalsoa highnumberofapoptoticcells.Nosucheffectswereobservedaftercellexposuretoanatox in-a.Cylindrospermopsindidnotintensifyapoptosisornecrosis,howeversomeincreaseinDNAdam age was detected.

Experimental immunology Assessment of the potential genotoxic and proapoptotic impact of selected cyanotoxins on fish leukocytes