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Natural killer (NK) cells are an important element connecting innate and acquired resistance in humans. They can be detected in fetal liver since the 6 th week of pregnancy and in the sec ond half of pregnancy the number increases to values observed in adults. The main aim of the study was the assessment of the NK cells and defining a relationship between the mode of delivery and NK cells quantitative changes in umbilical cord blood. Material and methods: The study included 72 neonates. Taking into consideration the time and mode of delivery, the children were divided into following groups. Group I included 40 full term neonates: 17 neonates born vaginally and 23 by cesarean section. Group II included 32 near-term neonates: 6 neonates born vaginally, 26 by cesarean section. Assessment of NK cells was performed with a flow cytometry technique. Results: It was shown that the percentage NK cells’ of in all full term neonates was statistically high er than in near-term ones. A higher mean percentage of those cells was also shown in full term and nearterm neonates born by cesarean section. The mean number of NK cells lymphocytes in full term neonates born by elective cesarean section was statistically significantly lower than in neonates born by emer gency cesarean section. Conclusion: Cesarean section can be related to significant quantitative changes in NK cells in the umbilical cord blood. Near-term neonates, regardless of the mode of delivery, show lower values of NK cells in umbilical blood. Elective cesarean section carried out at term can be a cause of decrease of mean number of NK cells in neonate umbilical blood.

Clinical immunology Quantitative changes of NK cells in umbilical cord blood of neonate in relation to the mode of delivery