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When a C60 film was irradiated with UV-visible light and electron-beam under a ultrahigh vacuum condition, photo-induced polymerization and electron-induced polymerization between adjacent C60 molecules take place via [2 + 2] dumbbell-shaped and peanut-shaped cross-linkages, respectively. We have investigated the electronic structure of both dumbbell-shaped and peanut-shaped C60 polymers, using in situ x-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and found that the dumbbell-shaped C60 polymer has a two-dimensional hexagonal structure, while that the peanut-shaped C60 polymer has a quasi-one-dimensional structure. In the present paper, we review the photoelectron spectroscopic results of these low-dimensional C60 polymers, together with results of their structural and electronic properties obtained using other measurements and density-functional calculations. Finally, we will describe the perspective of both dumbbell- and peanut-shaped C60 polymers. In particular, the latter polymer is interesting to be a π-electron conjugated system with negative Gauss curvature.

Structural and Electronic Properties of Low-dimensional C60 Polymers Studied by Photoelectron Spectroscopy