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Melphalan and Mitoxantrone are anthracycline antibiotics used in cancer therapy. This research was carried out to investigate in vitro genotoxic effects of the two (Melphalan and Mitoxantrone) anti-cancer drugs on human lymphocytes using Micronucleus Test. The effect induced by Melphalan was more pronounced than by Mitoxantrone. There was a significant increase in the induction of DNA damage in the cells treated with Melphalan. Our results indicate that 10 μM concentration of Melphalan induced formation of 1% of frequency of Micronucleated Lymphocytes (MNLs) while the same concentration of Mitoxantrone does not show any MNLs. The 70 μM concentration of Melphalan and Mitoxantrone both on an average induced 5.8 % and 3.7% frequency of MNLs respectively. We concluded that the Melphalan and Mitoxantrone are able to induce genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, therefore, in normal lymphocytes much lesser genotoxicity of Mitoxantrone compared to Melphalan should be taken into account in planning chemotherapeutic strategies.

A comparison of the in vitro Genotoxicity of Anticancer Drugs Melphalan and Mitoxantrone