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espanolEl sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil suponen un problema continuo. Los ninos que superan el percentil 90 de indice de masa corporal (IMC) son especialmente propensos a riesgos en la salud cardiovascular. Apenas se conocen los predictores teoricos de la actividad fisica y del cambio de peso en los ninos. Esta investigacion incorpora datos de una submuestra de ninos inscritos en atencion extraescolar que superan el percentil 90 en IMC (media de edad de 10.1 anos), que participaron en dos modalidades de un programa cognitivo-conductual de cambio en comportamiento de la actividad fisica y la salud de una duracion de un ano escolar con sesiones de 45 minutos 4 dias por semana (n = 21) o 3 dias por semana (n = 24). Ademas, se incluia un grupo control de cuidados habituales (n = 14). Unicamente se hallaron avances significativos en los grupos cognitivo-conductuales en autorregulacion, estado de animo y actividad fisica. El aumento de su IMC de 0.12 y 0.11 kg/m2respectivamente era menor (de modo significativo) que el aumento de 0.90 kg/m2 que se espera en virtud de la maduracion. Los modelos de regresion confirmaron de forma consistente una asociacion significativa de los cambios en autorregulacion y actividad fisica (R2 = .22-.25). No obstante, en analisis separados, la introduccion de cambios en a) autoeficacia y estado de animo en la ecuacion de regresion multiple, b) autoeficacia como mediador y c) el estado de animo como moderador no aumentaron la precision predictiva. La asociacion significativa de los cambios en la actividad fisica y el IMC era mas estrecha en los ninos con mas peso. Los resultados seran de utilidad en las aplicaciones y el perfeccionamiento de la intervencion a gran escala. EnglishChildhood overweight and obesity is a continued problem. Children above the 90th percentile for BMI are particularly susceptible to cardiovascular health risks. There remains a minimal understanding of theory-based psychological predictors of physical activity and weight change in children. This research incorporated data from a subsample of after-school care enrollees above the 90th BMI percentile (Mage=10.1 years) who participated in either 4-day/week (n = 21) or 3-day/week (n = 24) versions of a 45 min/session, cognitive-behaviorally based physical activity/health behavior-change program over a full school year, or a control condition of usual care (n = 14). For the cognitive-behavioral groups only, significant improvements were found in self-regulation, mood, and physical activity. Their BMI increases of 0.12 and 0.11 kg/m2, respectively, were significantly less than the 0.90 kg/m2 rise expected through maturation. Theory-based regression models uniformly confirmed significant associations of changes in self-regulation and physical activity (R2s = .22–.25). However, within separate analyses, entry of changes in (a) self-efficacy and mood into a multiple regression equation, (b) self-efficacy as a mediator, and (c) mood as a moderator, did not increase predictive accuracies. The significant association of changes in physical activity and BMI was stronger in the heavier children. Findings will be useful for large-scale intervention applications and refinements

intervención psicosocial/intervención psicosocial

Effects of a Standardized Curriculum on Physical Activity and Body Composition in After-School Program Participants with BMI Scores above the 90th Percentile: Assessing Theory-based Predictors