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Background  –    Waltheria   marielleae    is a new species of   Malvaceae   endemic to north-eastern Brazil that occurs only in the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas, in areas of Atlantic Forest and Caatinga. It is characterized by cinereous leaves, axillary and sessile to subsessile inflorescences, pallid yellow corollas with apically eciliate petals and fan-plumose stigmas.Material and methods  – DNA was extracted from leaf tissue and the markers  matK ,  ndhF , and ITS were amplified using universal primers, with PCR products purified and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis was performed, including DNA sequences obtained from GenBank. Morphological studies were based on the analysis of specimens deposited in seven herbaria and specimens collected in Pernambuco state, Brazil.Results  –    Waltheria   marielleae    is morphologically and phylogenetically related to pantropical    W.   indica    and    W.   ackermanniana   , with these three species forming a well-supported clade. Overall, phylogenetic molecular analysis suggests the monophyly of    Waltheria   , with the two currently proposed sections also being monophyletic, and    Melochia    as its sister group. The new species is assessed here as Endangered, according to IUCN criteria. In addition, we formally present new occurrences of    W.   ackermanniana    and    W.   rotundifolia   .Conclusion  – In this study, a complete morphological description, illustration, distribution map, and phylogenetic tree are provided for    Waltheria   marielleae   . This species is compared with morphologically and phylogenetically related species (   W.   ackermanniana   ,    W.   indica   , and    W.   rotundifolia   ) and an identification key to the species occurring in Alagoas and Pernambuco is provided.

plant ecology and evolution

Waltheria   marielleae    (  Byttnerioideae  ,   Malvaceae  ), a new species from north-eastern Brazil supported by morphological and phylogenetic evidence